بررسی واژه بست های زبان اوزبیکی افغانستان

Abstract

The scope of linguistic studies indicates that in all languages of the world, there exists a dependent linguistic unit whose grammatical behavior is neither that of a word nor that of an affix. This grammatical behavior challenges the traditional classification of morphemes into two types: free and bound. This unit shares certain characteristics with words and others with bound morphemes, yet it is not considered a full word morphologically. Clitics are morphemes that do not possess meaning or function independently. When attached to another word (the host), they exhibit distinct phonological, morphological, syntactic, and semantic features. Most of the world’s languages contain clitics with unique properties, usually found among functional word classes such as prepositions, conjunctions, and articles. Clitics can be defined as a process of attachment to a lexical word.

This research, using morphological, syntactic, and semantic tests, investigates clitics in the Uzbek language. The findings indicate that Uzbek language clitics belong to various grammatical categories such as attached pronouns, copular verbs, vocatives, and accusative markers. These clitics can attach to different host words belonging to various syntactic categories. The present study was conducted using a descriptive-analytical method, with data collected from various sources. It is worth noting that the judgments on the grammaticality or ungrammaticality of linguistic data were based on the author’s linguistic intuition and the evaluations of several native speakers.